VOL. XCIV, NO. 247

BOOK BREAKDOWN

NO ADVICE

Monday, January 19, 2026

Intermediate · 2010

More Money Than God

by Sebastian Mallaby · Partly Dated

A narrative, strategy-by-strategy history of hedge funds that's most useful as a guide to incentives, leverage/liquidity risk, and why some investing edges exist (and then disappear).

Level

Intermediate

Strategies

5 types

Frameworks

6 frameworks

Rating

3.8

Target Audience

Ideal Reader

  • Investors who want to understand hedge funds beyond the stereotypes (what they do, why it can work, how it blows up)
  • Anyone allocating to managers (or evaluating a strategy) who needs a mental model of incentives, leverage, liquidity, and hidden risks
  • People interested in financial history through the lens of trading strategies and risk-taking cultures
  • Investors who want better 'risk smell' for crowded trades and fragile financing

May Not Suit

  • Readers wanting a step-by-step 'how to pick stocks' book
  • People looking for a formal quant text with reproducible backtests
  • Anyone wanting a pure personal-finance book (budgeting, retirement mechanics)

Investor Fit

StrategyMacro/Global · Quantitative · Trading · Special Situations · Behavioral Finance
Time HorizonMedium-term (1–5 years) · Long-term (5+ years)
Asset FocusMulti-Asset · Equities · Fixed Income · Macro/FX · Options · Futures
Math LevelBasic Arithmetic
PrerequisitesUnderstands basics of stocks/bonds and why leverage matters · Comfortable with simple risk/return language (drawdowns, volatility) · Basic knowledge of derivatives helps but is not required

Key Learnings

  • 1Hedge funds are defined more by independence + incentive design than by hedging (many do not hedge in the plain-English sense)
  • 2Incentives shape behavior: performance fees, high-water marks, and founder control can create focus but can also encourage risk-seeking if unchecked
  • 3Leverage and liquidity mismatch are the classic blow-up recipe: good trades become fatal when funding dries up
  • 4Alpha sources tend to be structural (constraints, complexity, specialization, speed, information) and capacity-constrained
  • 5Strategy matters: global macro, long/short equity, event-driven, and quant/stat-arb fail in different ways
  • 6Crowded trades are dangerous because exits are correlated (everyone needs the door at once)
  • 7Risk management is usually about survival, not elegance: keep optionality, keep financing, avoid forced selling
  • 8The industry history is a cycle of innovation -> imitation -> crowding -> lower returns -> new innovation
  • 9Hedge funds can be stabilizing (arbitraging distortions) or destabilizing (fire sales under leverage); it depends on structure and regime
  • 10Studying hedge fund episodes is a fast way to learn what 'hidden risk' looks like in real life

Frameworks (6)

Formulas (4)

Case Studies (6)

companymid-20th century

A.W. Jones / first hedge fund

Takeaway

Structure matters: long/short + incentives can change the risk/return profile more than stock-picking alone.

macro_episode

1992 ERM crisis / Soros vs Bank of England

Takeaway

Macro trades can be asymmetric when policy regimes are unstable, but sizing and exit planning are everything.

market1998

Long-Term Capital Management

Takeaway

Leverage + liquidity + correlation spikes can turn 'low-risk' relative value into a near-systemic event.

company

Renaissance Technologies

Takeaway

Data and execution can be a durable edge, but capacity and crowding limit how scalable alpha is.

company2006

Amaranth Advisors

Takeaway

Concentration in derivatives + liquidity assumptions can destroy a fund fast even if the thesis is not crazy.

market2007-2009

Subprime mortgage crisis trade

Takeaway

Optionality can create massive asymmetry, but patience, carry costs, and timing still matter.

Mental Models

  • Incentives-as-engine (fees + governance define behavior)
  • Leverage as an amplifier (and a fragility multiplier)
  • Liquidity is a risk factor (not a detail)
  • Funding risk (prime broker / margin / haircuts) as a first-class risk
  • Crowding exits
  • Capacity limits: a great strategy can be a bad business once too much money copies it
  • Survivorship bias: stories are dominated by winners; average results can be much worse
  • Small-enough-to-fail vs too-big-to-fail: structure determines systemic risk

Key Terms

No glossary terms documented for this book.

Limitations & Caveats

Keep in mind

  • Not a how-to-run-money manual; it is history + explanation, so you will need other books for implementation detail
  • Winners get more page-time than losers (built-in survivorship story bias)
  • Some strategies are necessarily simplified (implementation is where edge and risk live)
  • Hedge fund structures, regulation, and instruments evolve; some details will age

Related Tools

Reading Guide

Priority Reading

  1. Origins and early structure (what hedge funds really are)
  2. LTCM and other leverage/liquidity blow-ups (risk anatomy)
  3. Quant/stat-arb era (what a real edge can look like)
  4. Crisis-era chapters (structure vs bailout dependence)

Optional Sections

  • Deep biography passages if you only want strategy and risk takeaways

Ratings

Rigor
4
Practicality
3
Readability
4
Originality
4
Signal To Noise
4
Longevity
4

Concept Tags

hedge_fundsperformance_feeshigh_water_markincentivesleverageliquidity_riskfunding_riskprime_brokeragecrowdingglobal_macrolong_short_equityevent_drivenstat_arbsystemic_risktoo_big_to_fail

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