VOL. XCIV, NO. 247

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Saturday, January 3, 2026

CSL Limited

CSL · ASX

Market cap (USD)
SectorHealthcare
Industry
CountryAU
Data as of
Moat score
77/ 100

Weighted average of segment moat scores, combining moat strength, durability, confidence, market structure, pricing power, and market share.

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Overview

CSL Limited is an Australian biopharma company organized into three reported segments: CSL Behring (plasma-derived, recombinant and gene therapies), CSL Seqirus (influenza vaccines and pandemic preparedness), and CSL Vifor (iron deficiency and nephrology medicines). The core moat is supply-side in plasma: a large, sophisticated collection network plus vertical integration and operational yield improvements support reliability and scale. Seqirus benefits from government pandemic preparedness relationships and specialized vaccine capabilities, but seasonal volumes are procurement- and immunization-rate sensitive. Vifor's position is supported by market access/tender execution and regulatory/HTA wins, while facing competitive pricing pressure in IV iron.

Primary segment

CSL Behring

Market structure

Oligopoly

Market share

HHI:

Coverage

3 segments · 6 tags

Updated 2026-01-02

Segments

CSL Behring

Plasma-derived therapies (immunoglobulins, albumin, coagulation factors) plus recombinant and gene therapies for rare and serious diseases

Revenue

71.7%

Structure

Oligopoly

Pricing

moderate

Share

Peers

TAKGRFS

CSL Seqirus

Influenza vaccines (seasonal) plus pandemic/pre-pandemic preparedness and related government services

Revenue

13.9%

Structure

Oligopoly

Pricing

weak

Share

Peers

SNYGSKPFE

CSL Vifor

Iron deficiency therapies (IV iron) and nephrology/rare renal disease pharmaceuticals

Revenue

14.4%

Structure

Oligopoly

Pricing

weak

Share

Peers

NVSFRE.DE

Moat Claims

CSL Behring

Plasma-derived therapies (immunoglobulins, albumin, coagulation factors) plus recombinant and gene therapies for rare and serious diseases

Revenue_share and operating_profit_share are computed from FY2025 segment totals (Total segment revenue: CSL Behring US$11,158m of US$15,558m; Segment operating result: US$4,704m of US$6,827m). Source: FY2025 segment information table.

Oligopoly

Supply Chain Control

Supply

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Vertically integrated model from donor to patient helps secure critical raw material (plasma), enables end-to-end quality control, and improves supply reliability versus less-integrated competitors.

Erosion risks

  • Competitors expand plasma collection footprints and fractionation capacity
  • Regulatory changes affecting plasma collection economics
  • Sustained donor compensation inflation raising input costs

Leading indicators

  • Plasma collections growth and cost per liter
  • Fractionation utilization rates and lead times
  • Gross margin trend for plasma-derived therapies

Counterarguments

  • Other major plasma players are also vertically integrated
  • Vertical integration is capital intensive and can reduce flexibility in downturns

Physical Network Density

Supply

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Large plasma collection network and donor experience investments make replication slow and support scale advantages in plasma sourcing.

Erosion risks

  • New plasma centers from peers increase donor competition
  • Local/community opposition or permitting friction for new centers
  • Supply shocks (e.g., public health events) reducing donor availability

Leading indicators

  • Net number of plasma centers and center productivity
  • Donor return rates / repeat donor mix
  • Peer announcements on new center openings

Counterarguments

  • Well-capitalized peers can build networks over time
  • Donors can switch centers if compensation/experience is better elsewhere

Operational Excellence

Supply

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Collection and yield improvement programs (e.g., Rika and iNomi, analytics-driven yield optimization) support unit economics and supply growth in a long-cycle manufacturing model.

Erosion risks

  • Operational advantages diffuse as competitors adopt similar devices/analytics
  • IT/automation execution risk in donor operations and manufacturing
  • Quality events or manufacturing disruptions

Leading indicators

  • Collection efficiency metrics (plasma per donor hour)
  • Yield per liter trends for key proteins (Ig/albumin)
  • Manufacturing deviations/recalls and regulatory inspection outcomes

Counterarguments

  • Operational improvements are replicable with investment and time
  • Benefits may be offset by donor pay inflation or mix shifts

CSL Seqirus

Influenza vaccines (seasonal) plus pandemic/pre-pandemic preparedness and related government services

Revenue_share and operating_profit_share are computed from FY2025 segment totals (Total segment revenue: CSL Seqirus US$2,166m of US$15,558m; Segment operating result: US$1,027m of US$6,827m). Source: FY2025 segment information table.

Oligopoly

Government Contracting Relationships

Legal

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Pandemic and pre-pandemic agreements with governments provide durable institutional relationships and recurring preparedness revenue streams.

Erosion risks

  • Government budget tightening and reprioritization of pandemic programs
  • Policy-driven declines in vaccine uptake reduce seasonal volumes and weaken utilization
  • Changes in procurement frameworks favoring lowest-cost suppliers

Leading indicators

  • Number/value of government preparedness agreements
  • Pandemic reservation fees trend
  • Seasonal influenza vaccination rates in key markets

Counterarguments

  • Government contracts can be retendered; incumbency is not permanent
  • Political shifts can reduce funding regardless of supplier performance

Regulated Standards Pipe

Legal

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Vaccine development, clinical/regulatory submissions, and approvals create barriers to entry and favor scaled incumbents with established quality systems and regulatory track records.

Erosion risks

  • Regulatory changes increasing compliance cost or delaying approvals
  • Safety signals leading to label restrictions or withdrawals
  • New platforms (mRNA/sa-mRNA) enabling faster-follow competitors

Leading indicators

  • Approval timelines and submission cadence
  • Manufacturing inspection outcomes and quality metrics
  • R&D pipeline progress for next-gen platforms

Counterarguments

  • Large pharma peers also have deep regulatory capabilities
  • Platform shifts can reset advantages if incumbents execute poorly

Capacity Moat

Supply

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Specialized influenza vaccine manufacturing network and ongoing investment in cell-based platforms can be difficult to replicate quickly at scale.

Erosion risks

  • Under-utilization if vaccination rates fall
  • Competitors add capacity or win tenders in core markets
  • Manufacturing disruptions during peak seasonal ramps

Leading indicators

  • Seasonal demand vs. production capacity utilization
  • Tender win/loss rates by geography
  • Unit cost per dose trend

Counterarguments

  • Capacity is only valuable if demand materializes; utilization risk is high
  • Industry leaders can expand capacity with sufficient lead time

CSL Vifor

Iron deficiency therapies (IV iron) and nephrology/rare renal disease pharmaceuticals

Revenue_share and operating_profit_share are computed from FY2025 segment totals (Total segment revenue: CSL Vifor US$2,234m of US$15,558m; Segment operating result: US$1,096m of US$6,827m). Source: FY2025 segment information table.

Oligopoly

Procurement Inertia

Demand

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Hospital and national procurement/tendering dynamics plus reimbursement listings can create operational stickiness once a therapy is preferred or listed, supporting incumbent volume even in competitive markets.

Erosion risks

  • Price competition intensifies in IV iron tenders
  • Biosimilar/generic-like competition and substitution policies
  • Loss of key formulary/reimbursement positions

Leading indicators

  • Tender win rates and average net price trend
  • Reimbursement/listing status changes by country
  • Volume growth vs. price/mix movement

Counterarguments

  • Procurement can flip quickly when tenders re-price
  • Clinical substitution can increase when multiple options exist

Regulated Standards Pipe

Legal

Strength

Durability

Confidence

Evidence

Regulatory and health-technology assessment wins (e.g., NICE recommendation) can expand access and reinforce differentiated positioning in nephrology indications.

Erosion risks

  • Additional evidence requirements or reimbursement restrictions
  • Safety/label changes reducing addressable population
  • Competitive trial readouts and new entrants in rare nephrology

Leading indicators

  • New indication approvals and HTA outcomes
  • Launch cadence across geographies
  • Prescription/penetration trends in key nephrology indications

Counterarguments

  • HTA decisions can be revisited; access is not permanent
  • Competitors can achieve similar endorsements with strong data

Evidence

other
CSL 2025 Annual Report (Businesses and Outlook - CSL Behring)

CSL Behring consists of three vertically integrated components that span the journey from donor to patient.

Direct statement supporting vertical integration as a structural advantage.

other
CSL 2025 Annual Report (Overview - Plasma network)

CSL Plasma operates one of the world's largest and most sophisticated plasma collection networks...

Supports the physical network moat in plasma sourcing.

other
CSL 2025 Annual Report (Businesses and Outlook - Plasma collection and yield improvement)

PDTs have a 9-12 month manufacturing cycle... [CSL] aim[s] to increase yield for immunoglobulins (Ig) and albumin...

Highlights complexity/long-cycle operations and explicit focus on yield improvement.

other
CSL 2025 Annual Report (Businesses and Outlook - Rika/iNomi)

[T]he Rika collection device and... iNomi... enables CSL to collect the optimal amount of plasma from donors.

Concrete mechanism for operational efficiency and plasma supply growth.

other
CSL 2025 Annual Report (Businesses and Outlook - Pandemic preparedness)

CSL has more than 30 agreements with governments around the world...

Direct evidence of government relationship footprint relevant to pandemic preparedness.

Showing 5 of 10 sources.

Risks & Indicators

Erosion risks

  • Competitors expand plasma collection footprints and fractionation capacity
  • Regulatory changes affecting plasma collection economics
  • Sustained donor compensation inflation raising input costs
  • New plasma centers from peers increase donor competition
  • Local/community opposition or permitting friction for new centers
  • Supply shocks (e.g., public health events) reducing donor availability

Leading indicators

  • Plasma collections growth and cost per liter
  • Fractionation utilization rates and lead times
  • Gross margin trend for plasma-derived therapies
  • Net number of plasma centers and center productivity
  • Donor return rates / repeat donor mix
  • Peer announcements on new center openings
Created 2026-01-02
Updated 2026-01-02

Curation & Accuracy

This directory blends AI‑assisted discovery with human curation. Entries are reviewed, edited, and organized with the goal of expanding coverage and sharpening quality over time. Your feedback helps steer improvements (because no single human can capture everything all at once).

Details change. Pricing, features, and availability may be incomplete or out of date. Treat listings as a starting point and verify on the provider’s site before making decisions. If you spot an error or a gap, send a quick note and I’ll adjust.