VOL. XCIV, NO. 247

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Friday, December 26, 2025

Equifax Inc.

EFX · New York Stock Exchange

Market cap (USD)
SectorIndustrials
CountryUS
Data as of
Moat score
70/ 100

Weighted average of segment moat scores, combining moat strength, durability, confidence, market structure, pricing power, and market share.

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Overview

Equifax is a global data, analytics, and technology company with three reportable segments: Workforce Solutions, U.S. Information Solutions, and International. Its core moats stem from large proprietary datasets fed by broad contributor networks (credit data furnishers and employer payroll feeds) and from deep workflow integration that enables real-time verification, underwriting, and fraud decisions. The U.S. market is structurally concentrated around three nationwide consumer reporting companies, supporting durable incumbency. Key erosion risks include regulatory constraints on data use, cybersecurity and accuracy issues, alternative-data/open-banking disintermediation, and antitrust scrutiny, especially in employment and income verification.

Primary segment

Workforce Solutions

Market structure

Oligopoly

Market share

HHI:

Coverage

3 segments · 4 tags

Updated 2025-12-26

Segments

Workforce Solutions

Income & employment verification and employer HR compliance services

Revenue

42.8%

Structure

Oligopoly

Pricing

strong

Share

Peers

TRUEXPN.LADPPAYX

U.S. Information Solutions

U.S. consumer & commercial credit information, analytics, and identity/fraud solutions

Revenue

33.3%

Structure

Oligopoly

Pricing

moderate

Share

Peers

TRUEXPN.LFICO

International

International consumer & commercial credit information and analytics (plus fraud/debt collections services)

Revenue

23.8%

Structure

Competitive

Pricing

weak

Share

Peers

EXPN.LTRU

Moat Claims

Workforce Solutions

Income & employment verification and employer HR compliance services

Revenue_share computed from FY2024 segment operating revenue; operating_profit_share computed from FY2024 segment operating income (before unallocated corporate expense).

Oligopoly

Data Network Effects

Network

Strength: 4/5 · Durability: durable · Confidence: 4/5 · 3 evidence

The Work Number's value increases with more employer payroll contributors and more verification demand, improving coverage and data freshness.

Erosion risks

  • Antitrust/regulatory scrutiny of verification market
  • Employers or payroll/HR platforms restricting data feeds
  • Alternative verification approaches reducing reliance (e.g., open banking, document upload)

Leading indicators

  • Employer contributor count and churn
  • Active and total employment record counts
  • Verification transaction volume and pricing per transaction

Counterarguments

  • Large payroll/HR platforms could build competing verification networks
  • Major employers could shift data sharing terms or limit access

Data Workflow Lockin

Demand

Strength: 4/5 · Durability: durable · Confidence: 4/5 · 2 evidence

Employer contributors outsource verification responses and verifiers integrate automated checks into underwriting/eligibility workflows, creating operational switching costs.

Erosion risks

  • Customers multi-source verifications to reduce concentration risk
  • Price compression from competing verification providers
  • Trust loss from data/security incidents

Leading indicators

  • Retention/renewals of large verification customers
  • Integration coverage with major loan origination/underwriting platforms
  • Per-transaction pricing trends

Counterarguments

  • Switching costs can be reduced if competing platforms match coverage and integrations
  • Some verifiers can fall back to manual verification processes when costs rise

U.S. Information Solutions

U.S. consumer & commercial credit information, analytics, and identity/fraud solutions

Revenue_share computed from FY2024 segment operating revenue; operating_profit_share computed from FY2024 segment operating income (before unallocated corporate expense).

Oligopoly

Data Network Effects

Network

Strength: 4/5 · Durability: durable · Confidence: 4/5 · 3 evidence

Large credit databases are sustained by broad data furnishing and become more valuable as coverage/history improves, supporting underwriting and fraud decisions.

Erosion risks

  • Regulatory restrictions on what data can be reported or used
  • Alternative data/open banking reducing dependence on bureau files
  • Data furnishers changing terms or providing data to new entrants

Leading indicators

  • Number and coverage of data furnishers
  • Regulatory changes and enforcement actions affecting consumer reporting
  • Credit inquiry volumes by vertical (mortgage/auto/card)

Counterarguments

  • Data furnishing is voluntary; large lenders could use their scale to negotiate or change sharing behavior
  • New datasets (bank transaction data, fintech underwriting data) can substitute for parts of bureau value

Compliance Advantage

Legal

Strength: 3/5 · Durability: durable · Confidence: 4/5 · 2 evidence

Consumer reporting requires heavy, ongoing compliance (e.g., FCRA) and secure handling of sensitive personal data; scale helps amortize compliance and security investments.

Erosion risks

  • Rule changes that reduce reportable data or increase consumer opt-outs
  • Enforcement actions/penalties for accuracy or security failures
  • Rising compliance costs that compress margins

Leading indicators

  • Changes to FCRA/CFPB rules and supervisory activity
  • Consumer dispute and reinvestigation volumes/costs
  • Security incidents and remediation spend

Counterarguments

  • Compliance burden can constrain product scope and slow innovation for incumbents
  • Some competitors may shift to less-regulated alternative datasets to avoid FCRA-like constraints

Data Workflow Lockin

Demand

Strength: 3/5 · Durability: durable · Confidence: 4/5 · 1 evidence

Bureau data and decisioning tools are embedded via real-time access and customized applications inside customer underwriting and fraud workflows, increasing switching costs.

Erosion risks

  • Standardized APIs and multi-bureau platforms lowering switching costs
  • Regulators pushing data portability/open banking regimes
  • In-house decisioning models reducing dependence on bureau-provided analytics

Leading indicators

  • Attachment rates of analytics/decisioning products with bureau data
  • Customer retention and contract duration trends
  • Growth of multi-source decision platforms (aggregators)

Counterarguments

  • Large customers can integrate multiple data sources and treat bureaus as interchangeable inputs
  • If competitors match data breadth, integration becomes less differentiating

International

International consumer & commercial credit information and analytics (plus fraud/debt collections services)

Revenue_share computed from FY2024 segment operating revenue; operating_profit_share computed from FY2024 segment operating income (before unallocated corporate expense).

Competitive

Data Network Effects

Network

Strength: 3/5 · Durability: medium · Confidence: 3/5 · 1 evidence

In many countries, Equifax's products are generated from credit records it maintains; local data depth improves reporting, scoring and fraud models.

Erosion risks

  • Local incumbents with stronger distribution or exclusive data relationships
  • Country-specific regulatory changes limiting data collection/sharing
  • Macro/FX volatility reducing credit demand and inquiry volumes

Leading indicators

  • FX-normalized revenue growth by region
  • Country-level inquiry volume trends
  • Changes in data contributor relationships in key countries

Counterarguments

  • International moats are country-by-country; strength can vary widely by jurisdiction
  • Domestic competitors may have privileged access to local data sources

Compliance Advantage

Legal

Strength: 3/5 · Durability: medium · Confidence: 3/5 · 1 evidence

Operating across jurisdictions requires sustained compliance with privacy, data protection and consumer credit reporting rules; scale can reduce per-unit compliance cost.

Erosion risks

  • Data localization and cross-border processing restrictions
  • Privacy-law reforms increasing consent/opt-out and limiting monetization
  • Regulatory fines or enforcement actions

Leading indicators

  • New privacy/AI/cybersecurity laws in operating regions
  • Compliance and audit findings by region
  • Regulatory investigations or enforcement actions

Counterarguments

  • Compliance burden can also reduce flexibility and slow product rollout for incumbents
  • Local regulation can favor domestic incumbents rather than multinational operators

Evidence

sec_filing
Equifax Form 10-K (FY2024) - Business description (The Work Number)

We rely on payroll data received from over four million organizations to provide up-to-date verifications.

Large contributor base supports a data flywheel and broad coverage.

sec_filing
Equifax Form 10-K (FY2024) - Business description (The Work Number)

The Work Number held about 188 million active and 734 million total employment records at December 31, 2024.

Scale of the underlying dataset supports durable advantage in automated verification.

news
Equifax hit with antitrust class action over work verification services

accuses Equifax of monopolizing the electronic income and employment verification market

Allegations imply strong market power; also a risk of forced changes to pricing/contracts.

sec_filing
Equifax Form 10-K (FY2024) - Business description (The Work Number)

We have not experienced significant turnover in the employer contributors to the platform because we generally do not charge them

Low contributor turnover plus outsourced workflow suggests stickiness on the supply side.

sec_filing
Equifax Form 10-K (FY2024) - Segment information

FY2024 segment Operating Revenue $2,433.8; segment Operating Income $1,053.3 (in millions).

Context for Workforce Solutions economics and pricing power assessment.

Showing 5 of 13 sources.

Risks & Indicators

Erosion risks

  • Antitrust/regulatory scrutiny of verification market
  • Employers or payroll/HR platforms restricting data feeds
  • Alternative verification approaches reducing reliance (e.g., open banking, document upload)
  • Customers multi-source verifications to reduce concentration risk
  • Price compression from competing verification providers
  • Trust loss from data/security incidents

Leading indicators

  • Employer contributor count and churn
  • Active and total employment record counts
  • Verification transaction volume and pricing per transaction
  • Regulatory/litigation outcomes affecting verification practices
  • Retention/renewals of large verification customers
  • Integration coverage with major loan origination/underwriting platforms
Created 2025-12-26
Updated 2025-12-26

Curation & Accuracy

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