Alternatives to Scalable Capital

Why investors switch

• Expands into Alerts, News, and ETF Overview coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Access to 4,000+ stocks and ETFs directly in-app, with investments starting from as little as $/€1., Current EEA stock/ETP/bond allowance: Standard and Plus 0 commission-free orders, Premium 5, Metal and Ultra 10; extra orders are 0.10% with no minimum fee., and Selected ETP investment-plan buys can be placed commission-free, separate from general order execution fees..

Adds coverage: Alerts, News, ETF Overview, and Education

Standout features: Access to 4,000+ stocks and ETFs directly in-app, with investments starting from as little as $/€1., Current EEA stock/ETP/bond allowance: Standard and Plus 0 commission-free orders, Premium 5, Metal and Ultra 10; extra orders are 0.10% with no minimum fee., Selected ETP investment-plan buys can be placed commission-free, separate from general order execution fees., and Bonds available in the EEA-both government and corporate-with coupon payments and maturity details shown, minimum €2 per trade.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Advanced Order Types, Smart/Direct Routing, and News coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Execution-only: flatexDEGIRO Bank SE provides execution-only services; no investment advice or portfolio management., Access to 45+ markets across 30 countries; trade shares, ETFs, bonds, options and futures (availability depends on account/profile)., and Smart/direct routing: orders can be routed “Direct to Market” on some venues and via Morgan Stanley Smart Order Router on others..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Wealth Management.

Adds coverage: Advanced Order Types, Smart/Direct Routing, News, and Calendar

Standout features: Execution-only: flatexDEGIRO Bank SE provides execution-only services; no investment advice or portfolio management., Access to 45+ markets across 30 countries; trade shares, ETFs, bonds, options and futures (availability depends on account/profile)., Smart/direct routing: orders can be routed “Direct to Market” on some venues and via Morgan Stanley Smart Order Router on others., and Order types include market, limit, stop loss, stop limit, plus day and good‑till‑cancelled; trailing stop is currently available for German exchanges Xetra and Frankfurt.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Risk Metrics, Performance Attribution, and Capital Gains Estimator coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Global multi‑asset portfolio and dividend tracker that automatically tracks price, performance and dividends for 700k+ stocks, ETFs, funds and crypto across 60+ markets, with support for cash accounts and property in one view., Public pricing page says 500,000+ investors track investments with Sharesight., and Connects to 200+ brokers and finance apps (including Trading 212, Hargreaves Lansdown and Interactive Brokers) so trades can be imported directly, or via CSV/manual workflows when brokers are unsupported..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage and Watchlist.

Adds coverage: Risk Metrics, Performance Attribution, Capital Gains Estimator, and Dividend Tax / ADR Withholding

Standout features: Global multi‑asset portfolio and dividend tracker that automatically tracks price, performance and dividends for 700k+ stocks, ETFs, funds and crypto across 60+ markets, with support for cash accounts and property in one view., Public pricing page says 500,000+ investors track investments with Sharesight., Connects to 200+ brokers and finance apps (including Trading 212, Hargreaves Lansdown and Interactive Brokers) so trades can be imported directly, or via CSV/manual workflows when brokers are unsupported., and Rich reporting suite for performance and risk, including performance, multi‑period, diversity, exposure, contribution analysis and drawdown risk reports, plus benchmarking against indices or individual securities.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Advanced Order Types, Smart/Direct Routing, and Paper Trading coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Platforms: Client Portal (web), Trader Workstation (TWS) and IBKR Desktop (desktop), IBKR Mobile / GlobalTrader (mobile), plus IBKR APIs; feature availability differs by platform/product., Supported instruments include stocks/ETFs, options (incl. combos), mutual funds, futures (incl. futures options), spot FX, bonds, physical metals, structured products and CFDs., and Execution features include IB SmartRouting plus a large library of order types/algos and conditional/bracket-style order workflows across platforms..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Wealth Management and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Advanced Order Types, Smart/Direct Routing, Paper Trading, and Options & Derivatives

Standout features: Platforms: Client Portal (web), Trader Workstation (TWS) and IBKR Desktop (desktop), IBKR Mobile / GlobalTrader (mobile), plus IBKR APIs; feature availability differs by platform/product., Supported instruments include stocks/ETFs, options (incl. combos), mutual funds, futures (incl. futures options), spot FX, bonds, physical metals, structured products and CFDs., Execution features include IB SmartRouting plus a large library of order types/algos and conditional/bracket-style order workflows across platforms., and Client Portal includes advanced charting with technical indicators and a live news stream for specific products.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Options & Derivatives, Paper Trading, and Advanced Order Types coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Zero-commission online trades for stocks and ETFs; options at $0.65 per contract and futures/futures options at $2.25 per contract., thinkorswim® platform suite (desktop, web, mobile) plus Schwab Mobile, with extended 24/5 trading access to 1,100+ stocks and ETFs including the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100., and paperMoney® virtual accounts that let you practice trading with live market data..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Wealth Management and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Options & Derivatives, Paper Trading, Advanced Order Types, and Smart/Direct Routing

Standout features: Zero-commission online trades for stocks and ETFs; options at $0.65 per contract and futures/futures options at $2.25 per contract., thinkorswim® platform suite (desktop, web, mobile) plus Schwab Mobile, with extended 24/5 trading access to 1,100+ stocks and ETFs including the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100., paperMoney® virtual accounts that let you practice trading with live market data., and Tradable universe spans stocks, ETFs, options, futures, and forex-though futures and forex require separate approval and are offered by Schwab Futures & Forex LLC.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Advanced Order Types, Smart/Direct Routing, and Order Book / Level II coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Commission-free online trades for U.S. stocks and ETFs; options contracts at $0.65 each., Certain ETF purchases can incur a Fidelity service fee up to $100 when the ETF sponsor does not support platform availability economics., and Secondary bond and CD trades are priced at $1 per bond/CD online, while U.S. Treasuries trade online with no Fidelity commission..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Wealth Management and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Advanced Order Types, Smart/Direct Routing, Order Book / Level II, and News

Standout features: Commission-free online trades for U.S. stocks and ETFs; options contracts at $0.65 each., Certain ETF purchases can incur a Fidelity service fee up to $100 when the ETF sponsor does not support platform availability economics., Secondary bond and CD trades are priced at $1 per bond/CD online, while U.S. Treasuries trade online with no Fidelity commission., and Execution quality reports highlight strong fill statistics, with most trades price-improved and executed in fractions of a second. Fidelity discloses savings per order and does not accept payment for order flow on stock and ETF trades.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Tax Lots / Lot Optimization, Capital Gains Estimator, and News coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Aggregates virtually all major investment account types (401(k), IRAs, brokerage, 403(b), other retirement accounts, and taxable brokerage) from 14,000+ financial institutions into a single portfolio view showing holdings, balances, performance, and retirement savings across all accounts (Simplifi & Classic)., Simplifi investments dashboard calculates both Time-Weighted Return (TWR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) across accounts, updates values with real-time market prices, and provides a curated news feed based on your specific holdings., and Classic portfolio tools (Portfolio view, Investing tab, and Investing portfolio tab on Mac) show market value over time, standard performance views (value, performance, realized gains), and allow grouping by account type, security, or asset class, including “as of” snapshots..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage and Wealth Management.

Adds coverage: Tax Lots / Lot Optimization, Capital Gains Estimator, News, and Alerts

Standout features: Aggregates virtually all major investment account types (401(k), IRAs, brokerage, 403(b), other retirement accounts, and taxable brokerage) from 14,000+ financial institutions into a single portfolio view showing holdings, balances, performance, and retirement savings across all accounts (Simplifi & Classic)., Simplifi investments dashboard calculates both Time-Weighted Return (TWR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) across accounts, updates values with real-time market prices, and provides a curated news feed based on your specific holdings., Classic portfolio tools (Portfolio view, Investing tab, and Investing portfolio tab on Mac) show market value over time, standard performance views (value, performance, realized gains), and allow grouping by account type, security, or asset class, including “as of” snapshots., and Portfolio Analyzer in Classic creates a comprehensive report with average annual return, asset allocation snapshot, standard-deviation-based risk profile, largest holdings and accounts, and a “Tax implications” section summarizing realized gains and holding periods.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Screeners, ETF Screeners, and Data Visualizations coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Web platform plus iOS & Android mobile apps; watchlists/portfolios sync with the web app., Multi-asset coverage spanning global equities and multiple macro/market datasets (e.g., ETFs, bond yields/curves, FX, commodities, crypto), with news and transcripts., and Advanced graphing with 100+ indicators/series (fundamentals, technicals, valuation, estimates/ratings), templates, total-return charts, scatter charts, and share/embed + downloads..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Screeners, ETF Screeners, Data Visualizations, and Custom Dashboards

Standout features: Web platform plus iOS & Android mobile apps; watchlists/portfolios sync with the web app., Multi-asset coverage spanning global equities and multiple macro/market datasets (e.g., ETFs, bond yields/curves, FX, commodities, crypto), with news and transcripts., Advanced graphing with 100+ indicators/series (fundamentals, technicals, valuation, estimates/ratings), templates, total-return charts, scatter charts, and share/embed + downloads., and Financial Analysis pages: highlights from income/balance sheet/cash-flow plus customizable Financial Analysis templates (paid tiers).

Why investors switch

• Expands into Options coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Commission-free ($0) trading for U.S. listed and OTC securities (including ETFs and closed-end funds) and their options via app or website; regulatory trading fees may be passed through., Robinhood support states regulators no longer charge a CAT fee for equity and options orders as of December 1, 2025., and Index options contract fees: Non‑Gold rate $0.50/contract vs Gold rate $0.35/contract (plus exchange/regulatory fees)..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Watchlist and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Options

Standout features: Commission-free ($0) trading for U.S. listed and OTC securities (including ETFs and closed-end funds) and their options via app or website; regulatory trading fees may be passed through., Robinhood support states regulators no longer charge a CAT fee for equity and options orders as of December 1, 2025., Index options contract fees: Non‑Gold rate $0.50/contract vs Gold rate $0.35/contract (plus exchange/regulatory fees)., and Robinhood Gold subscription ($5/month or $50/year after a one-time 30-day free trial) includes: first $1,000 of margin borrowing interest-free; discounted futures commissions; preferred APY in the brokerage High‑Yield Cash Program; preferred IRA deposit match rate; increased Instant deposit limits; Morningstar Equity Research; and access to the Robinhood Gold Card (credit card).

Why investors switch

• Expands into Copy/Social Trading, Paper Trading, and Advanced Order Types coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Commission-free trading on U.S. stocks and ETFs; eToro says it pays securities regulatory transaction fees on stock sales for users., Crypto trades incur a separate 1% fee on buys and sells; since mid-July 2025 the fee is shown separately before execution and in portfolio/account statements., and $0 U.S. withdrawal fee with a $30 minimum withdrawal amount..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Wealth Management and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Copy/Social Trading, Paper Trading, Advanced Order Types, and News

Standout features: Commission-free trading on U.S. stocks and ETFs; eToro says it pays securities regulatory transaction fees on stock sales for users., Crypto trades incur a separate 1% fee on buys and sells; since mid-July 2025 the fee is shown separately before execution and in portfolio/account statements., $0 U.S. withdrawal fee with a $30 minimum withdrawal amount., and Options trading in the U.S. with no commissions and no contract fees, offered via the eToro Options app; nominal SEC, FINRA, ORF, and liquidity/regulatory fees can still apply.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Alerts, Compounding Calculator, and Screeners coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Comprehensive tools hub including watchlists, portfolio tracking, alerts, equities and fund screeners, and a compound growth calculator (beta)., Free accounts allow users to build watchlists, track portfolios, and set price or news alerts directly from instrument pages., and Portfolio tool supports manual transaction entry, shows key fundamentals, and integrates related FT news..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Alerts, Compounding Calculator, Screeners, and ETF Screeners

Standout features: Comprehensive tools hub including watchlists, portfolio tracking, alerts, equities and fund screeners, and a compound growth calculator (beta)., Free accounts allow users to build watchlists, track portfolios, and set price or news alerts directly from instrument pages., Portfolio tool supports manual transaction entry, shows key fundamentals, and integrates related FT news., and Alerts can be managed on-site or via myFT email preferences.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Stock Ideas, Screeners, and ETF Screeners coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Global value-investing research platform with historical financial and valuation data, screeners, charts, comparisons, institutional-investor trading histories, executive trading histories, market valuation data, economic indicators, and industry indicators., Large global coverage footprint: GuruFocus says it serves more than 1 million users worldwide, covers 100,000 stocks in 100 markets, tracks 8,000+ institutional investors’ trading histories, and tracks 15,000+ mutual fund holdings; API documentation separately describes 60,000+ companies across 9 regions., and All-in-One Screener with 500+ filters across fundamentals, valuation, profitability, growth, dividends, guru holdings, insider trades, predefined value screens, custom filters, saved screens, downloadable results, and portfolio workflow integration..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Stock Ideas, Screeners, ETF Screeners, and Top Analysts

Standout features: Global value-investing research platform with historical financial and valuation data, screeners, charts, comparisons, institutional-investor trading histories, executive trading histories, market valuation data, economic indicators, and industry indicators., Large global coverage footprint: GuruFocus says it serves more than 1 million users worldwide, covers 100,000 stocks in 100 markets, tracks 8,000+ institutional investors’ trading histories, and tracks 15,000+ mutual fund holdings; API documentation separately describes 60,000+ companies across 9 regions., All-in-One Screener with 500+ filters across fundamentals, valuation, profitability, growth, dividends, guru holdings, insider trades, predefined value screens, custom filters, saved screens, downloadable results, and portfolio workflow integration., and Screener backtesting for more than 80 countries, with U.S. backtests starting January 1, 2006 and non-U.S. country backtests generally starting January 1, 2016; parameters include stock count, ranking metric, sort order, start/end date, and rebalance frequency.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Backtesting, Dividend, and Dividends coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Dividend-focused global portfolio tracker that consolidates multiple brokerage accounts, custom assets and cash into one view, including composite “My Net Worth” portfolios for combined analytics., Supports wide asset coverage including stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, REITs, bonds, digital currencies, precious metals and custom assets such as real estate and alternative investments, across 60–70+ global exchanges and 25–30+ currencies., and Flexible data import via 1,000+ broker connections through Yodlee/SnapTrade, broker statement/CSV uploads and manual entry (including a simplified “holdings only” mode), with nightly sync and manual refresh controls..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Backtesting, Dividend, Dividends, and Dividend Tax / ADR Withholding

Standout features: Dividend-focused global portfolio tracker that consolidates multiple brokerage accounts, custom assets and cash into one view, including composite “My Net Worth” portfolios for combined analytics., Supports wide asset coverage including stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, REITs, bonds, digital currencies, precious metals and custom assets such as real estate and alternative investments, across 60–70+ global exchanges and 25–30+ currencies., Flexible data import via 1,000+ broker connections through Yodlee/SnapTrade, broker statement/CSV uploads and manual entry (including a simplified “holdings only” mode), with nightly sync and manual refresh controls., and User-defined category system and target allocations help plan strategy, structure portfolios and power a rebalancing tool that suggests trades to keep allocations on target.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Screeners, Options & Derivatives, and News coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Live U.S. equity data (NYSE, Nasdaq, AMEX) via Nasdaq Basic with streaming watchlists and charts., EasyScan® screener supports real-time scans, custom sorting, and PCF (formula-based) screening., and Alerting system allows 100 concurrent alerts on Premium or 1,000 on Premium+, with optional bundles to increase limits..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Wealth Management and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Screeners, Options & Derivatives, News, and Alerts

Standout features: Live U.S. equity data (NYSE, Nasdaq, AMEX) via Nasdaq Basic with streaming watchlists and charts., EasyScan® screener supports real-time scans, custom sorting, and PCF (formula-based) screening., Alerting system allows 100 concurrent alerts on Premium or 1,000 on Premium+, with optional bundles to increase limits., and Integrated MT Newswires feed for real-time market and company news.

Why investors switch

• Standout features include Unlimited commission-free trading in stocks and ETFs for all customers., Fractional investing available from as little as €1, with free recurring investment plans., and Access to thousands of instruments (3,000–4,000 depending on market)..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Portfolio and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Standout features: Unlimited commission-free trading in stocks and ETFs for all customers., Fractional investing available from as little as €1, with free recurring investment plans., Access to thousands of instruments (3,000–4,000 depending on market)., and Automated investment plans offered on weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, or quarterly schedules.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Backtesting, Scenario & Stress Tests, and Screeners coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Multi-country, multi-asset portfolio tracking and analysis covering stocks, bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, commodities, and deposits., Portfolio import via manual entry, Excel/CSV templates, or statements from Indian custodians and brokers, including CAMS, KFintech, NSDL, CDSL, Zerodha, HDFC Securities, ICICI Securities, and Kotak Securities., and Screeners for stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs, along with a “Discover Ideas” module for new opportunities..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Backtesting, Scenario & Stress Tests, Screeners, and ETF Screeners

Standout features: Multi-country, multi-asset portfolio tracking and analysis covering stocks, bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, commodities, and deposits., Portfolio import via manual entry, Excel/CSV templates, or statements from Indian custodians and brokers, including CAMS, KFintech, NSDL, CDSL, Zerodha, HDFC Securities, ICICI Securities, and Kotak Securities., Screeners for stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs, along with a “Discover Ideas” module for new opportunities., and Portfolio risk and stress testing tools with daily return benchmarking and what-if analysis.

Why investors switch

• Standout features include Commission-free stock and ETF trading with fractional shares; investing starts at $1., Coverage focuses on U.S.-listed stocks and ETFs available in Cash App; users search by company name or ticker., and Auto Invest lets users schedule recurring purchases of selected stocks or ETFs..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Wealth Management and Watchlist.

Standout features: Commission-free stock and ETF trading with fractional shares; investing starts at $1., Coverage focuses on U.S.-listed stocks and ETFs available in Cash App; users search by company name or ticker., Auto Invest lets users schedule recurring purchases of selected stocks or ETFs., and Round Ups automatically invest spare change from Cash App Card purchases into a chosen stock, Bitcoin, or savings balance.

Why investors switch

• Expands into News, Alerts, and Calendar coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Real-time financial news and market-moving analysis with alerting controls (content + ratings/price + portfolio digests)., Portfolio tracker supports manual lot entry (shares, price, date, transaction type) and downloads/export to Excel (.xlsx)., and Premium/PRO: broker-linked portfolios via Plaid/SnapTrade; holdings can auto-update (daily) with MFA/OTP caveats..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: News, Alerts, Calendar, and Stock Ideas

Standout features: Real-time financial news and market-moving analysis with alerting controls (content + ratings/price + portfolio digests)., Portfolio tracker supports manual lot entry (shares, price, date, transaction type) and downloads/export to Excel (.xlsx)., Premium/PRO: broker-linked portfolios via Plaid/SnapTrade; holdings can auto-update (daily) with MFA/OTP caveats., and Symbol-page ratings: Quant Rating + SA Author rating + Wall Street (sell-side) rating, plus factor grades (Value/Growth/Profitability/Momentum/EPS Revisions).

Why investors switch

• Expands into Stock Ideas, Screeners, and ETF Screeners coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Research coverage for 130,000+ global stocks and funds, including stock prices, financials, forecasts, charts, news, and all S&P 500 companies., Public stock research pages include quote data, overview metrics, company profile, financial statements, ratios/KPIs, statistics, metrics, dividends, price history, analyst forecasts, analyst ratings, price targets, and news., and Screening tools include stock, ETF, IPO, and mutual-fund screeners; the stock screener supports country/exchange selection, saved screens, filters, indicators, watchlist actions, and downloadable tables..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Stock Ideas, Screeners, ETF Screeners, and Top Analysts

Standout features: Research coverage for 130,000+ global stocks and funds, including stock prices, financials, forecasts, charts, news, and all S&P 500 companies., Public stock research pages include quote data, overview metrics, company profile, financial statements, ratios/KPIs, statistics, metrics, dividends, price history, analyst forecasts, analyst ratings, price targets, and news., Screening tools include stock, ETF, IPO, and mutual-fund screeners; the stock screener supports country/exchange selection, saved screens, filters, indicators, watchlist actions, and downloadable tables., and ETF and fund analysis includes ETF screener, ETF comparison, ETF providers/new launches, ETF holdings, mutual-fund screener, fund performance data, and holdings/count data for mutual funds.

Why investors switch

• Expands into Data Visualizations, Quant, and Screeners coverage beyond what Scalable Capital offers.
• Standout features include Markets covered include stocks, ETFs, cryptocurrencies, bonds, FX, futures, and indices; the current pricing page says TradingView connects to hundreds of data feeds and more than 3.5 million instruments worldwide., Supercharts with multi-chart layouts, custom intervals (incl. seconds and range bars), and more charts-per-tab on higher tiers (up to 16 on Ultimate)., and Technical analysis toolkit with 400+ built-in indicators/strategies, 100,000+ public indicators, and 110+ drawing tools..
• Pair it with Scalable Capital if you still need Brokerage, Wealth Management, and Downloadable Tax Reports.

Adds coverage: Data Visualizations, Quant, Screeners, and Stock Ideas

Standout features: Markets covered include stocks, ETFs, cryptocurrencies, bonds, FX, futures, and indices; the current pricing page says TradingView connects to hundreds of data feeds and more than 3.5 million instruments worldwide., Supercharts with multi-chart layouts, custom intervals (incl. seconds and range bars), and more charts-per-tab on higher tiers (up to 16 on Ultimate)., Technical analysis toolkit with 400+ built-in indicators/strategies, 100,000+ public indicators, and 110+ drawing tools., and Cloud-based alerts (price/drawings/Pine scripts) with delivery via browser/email/apps/webhooks; Premium & Ultimate support open-ended (non-expiring) alerts.